George Caldwell Taylor (May 29, 1885 – December 19, 1952) was a United States federal judge.
Born in Greenville, Tennessee, Taylor received an A.B. from Tusculum College in 1906 and an LL.B. from the University of Tennessee College of Law in 1908. He was in private practice in Rockwood, Tennessee from 1908 to 1911. He was Secretary to the Governor of Tennessee from 1911 to 1913, thereafter returning to his private practice in Greenville, Tennessee until 1921. He was the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Tennessee from 1921 to 1928.
On May 24, 1928, Taylor was nominated by President Calvin Coolidge to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee vacated by Xenophon Hicks. Taylor was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 26, 1928, and received his commission the same day. He served as chief judge from 1948 to 1949, assuming senior status on November 24, 1949. Taylor served in that capacity until his death, in 1952.